Preheat oven to 350°F, line two baking sheets with parchment. In a medium bowl, whisk together all-purpose flour, baking powder, and salt.

In a large bowl, beat room-temperature unsalted butter with granulated sugar until light, fluffy, and pale—about 3 minutes.

Add eggs one at a time, beating after each. Stir in fresh orange zest, juice, and vanilla extract until smooth and evenly blended.

Fold dry ingredients into the wet mixture until just combined. Cover dough and chill for 30 minutes.

Scoop 1¼-tablespoon dough balls and roll into 1-inch spheres. Generously coat each in powdered sugar.

Arrange cookies 2 inches apart on sheets. Bake at 350°F for 10–12 minutes until tops crack and edges turn light golden brown. Cool on a rack.